Intel today announced the fourth generation of its Xeon server chipsets, detailing several new features under the company’s confidential computing security umbrella. The most notable upgrades were enhancements to Intel’s trusted execution environment and a new technique for combating jump- and return-oriented programming attacks.
The fourth generation of Xeon processors introduces a number of new features across the board, including significant improvements to energy efficiency, AI processing, and edge workload handling, but virtual machine (VM) isolation technology and control flow enforcement are the security highlights. The former method provides hardware-level VM isolation without the need for hypervisor oversight — rather than a single app living inside a trusted environment, a whole VM can.
There are numerous options, for trusted execution environments in other areas of the stack, but Intel fellow Amy Santoni, the company’s chief Xeon security architect, said that not all of them offer the same capabilities or meet the same standards.
Intel aims to secure virtual environments
“It depends on your goals for a trusted environment,” she said. “If you look at the cloud today, you can have multiple tenants running on the same hardware with virtualization technology, but in just a regular cloud environment, the hypervisor still has access to all those VM’s data if you allow them to —there’s nothing at a hardware level to prevent a VM from accessing data.”
That isolation is provided via Intel’s Trust Domain Extensions framework, which already works with Azure, Google Cloud, Alibaba, and IBM — no timeline was provided for AWS integration at the time of this writing.
Control flow enforcement is a feature that Intel has already implemented in its endpoint-focused Core line of processors, but is new to the Xeon family, aimed at stamping out a family of cyberattack techniques called return-oriented and jump-oriented programming. The idea with such attacks is to rearrange the order in which pieces of code are provided back to the application, for malicious purposes.
“So I can take snippets of real, released code but I’m able to manipulate their order,” explained Santoni.
Control flow enforcement, however, adds a secondary or “shadow stack” to the normal stack used to order the execution of instructions. It’s completely inaccessible to programmers, so, the idea goes, it can’t be manipulated by a bad actor. The order of instructions is compared to the “shadow stack,” which throws an error if they’re not in the correct sequence.
Finally, Intel’s already-announced Project Amber is present in Xeon’s fourth generation. This is what the company describes as an out-of-station capability for its trusted execution environment, allowing users to validate that their workloads are running on Intel hardware, regardless of information provided by cloud service providers.
“The idea is to provide customers the ability to validate the configuration of the environment they’re running in,” said Santoni. “It doesn’t mean that the CSPs don’t provide that, it’s an additional option — when you buy a used car from a dealer, you [still] might want to take it to an independent mechanic.”
