Network Addressing
Organization Addressing is one of the significant obligations of the organization layer.
Organization addresses are consistently sensible, i.e., programming based addresses.
A host is otherwise called end framework that has one connect to the organization. The limit between the host and connection is known as an interface. Hence, the host can have just a single interface.
A switch is not the same as the host in that it has at least two connections that associate with it. At the point when a switch advances the datagram, then, at that point, it advances the bundle to one of the connections. The limit between the switch and connection is known as an interface, and the switch can have different interfaces, one for every one of its connections. Every interface is fit for sending and getting the IP parcels, so IP requires every interface to have a location.
Every IP address is 32 pieces in length, and they are addressed as “spot decimal documentation” where every byte is written in the decimal structure, and they are isolated by the period. An IP address would look like 193.32.216.9 where 193 addresses the decimal documentation of initial 8 pieces of a location, 32 addresses the decimal documentation of second 8 pieces of a location.
In the above figure, a switch has three interfaces named as 1, 2 and 3 and every switch interface contains its own IP address.
Each host contains its own interface and IP address.
Every one of the interfaces joined to the LAN 1 is having an IP address as 223.1.1.xxx, and the interfaces appended to the LAN 2 and LAN 3 have an IP address as 223.1.2.xxx and 223.1.3.xxx separately.
Every IP address comprises of two sections. The initial segment (initial three bytes in IP address) determines the organization and second part (last byte of an IP address) indicates the host in the organization.
Classful Addressing
An IP address is 32-cycle long. An IP address is isolated into sub-classes:
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
An ip address is isolated into two sections:
Organization ID: It addresses the quantity of organizations.
Host ID: It addresses the quantity of hosts.
Organization Addressing
In the above chart, we see that each class have a particular scope of IP addresses. The class of IP address is utilized to decide the quantity of pieces utilized in a class and number of organizations and hosts accessible in the class.
Class A
In Class A, an IP address is relegated to those organizations that contain an enormous number of hosts.
The organization ID is 8 pieces in length.
The host ID is 24 pieces in length.
In Class A, the main piece in higher request pieces of the primary octet is constantly set to 0 and the excess 7 pieces decide the organization ID. The 24 pieces decide the host ID in any organization.
The all out number of organizations in Class A = 27 = 128 organization address
The all out number of hosts in Class A = 224 – 2 = 16,777,214 host address
Organization Addressing
Class B
In Class B, an IP address is doled out to those organizations that reach from little measured to enormous estimated networks.
The Network ID is 16 pieces in length.
The Host ID is 16 pieces in length.
In Class B, the higher request pieces of the main octet is constantly set to 10, and the remaining14 bits decide the organization ID. The other 16 pieces decide the Host ID.
The all out number of organizations in Class B = 214 = 16384 organization address
The all out number of hosts in Class B = 216 – 2 = 65534 host address
Organization Addressing
Class C
In Class C, an IP address is alloted to just little estimated networks.
The Network ID is 24 pieces in length.
The host ID is 8 pieces in length.
In Class C, the higher request pieces of the primary octet is constantly set to 110, and the excess 21 pieces decide the organization ID. The 8 pieces of the host ID decide the host in an organization.
The all out number of organizations = 221 = 2097152 organization address
The all out number of hosts = 28 – 2 = 254 host address
Organization Addressing
Class D
In Class D, an IP address is held for multicast addresses. It doesn’t have subnetting. The higher request pieces of the main octet is constantly set to 1110, and the leftover pieces decides the host ID in any organization.
Organization Addressing
Class E
In Class E, an IP address is utilized for the future use or for the innovative work purposes. It doesn’t have any subnetting. The higher request pieces of the primary octet is constantly set to 1111, and the leftover pieces decides the host ID in any organization.
Organization Addressing
Rules for relegating Host ID:
The Host ID is utilized to decide the host inside any organization. The Host ID is appointed dependent on the accompanying standards:
The Host ID should be novel inside any organization.
The Host ID where every one of the pieces are set to 0 can’t be doled out as it is utilized to address the organization ID of the IP address.
The Host ID where every one of the pieces are set to 1 can’t be allocated as it is saved for the multicast address.
Rules for allocating Network ID:
In the event that the hosts are situated inside a similar neighborhood organization, they are appointed with a similar organization ID. Coming up next are the standards for appointing Network ID:
The organization ID can’t begin with 127 as 127 is utilized by Class A.
The Network ID wherein every one of the pieces are set to 0 can’t be doled out as it is utilized to determine a specific host on the nearby organization.
The Network ID where every one of the pieces are set to 1 can’t be appointed as it is held for the multicast address.
Classful Network Architecture
Class Higher bits NET ID bits HOST ID bits No.of networks No.of has per network Range
A 0 8 24 27 224 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
B 10 16 16 214 216 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
C 110 24 8 221 28 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
D 1110 Not Defined Not Defined Not Defined 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
E 1111 Not Defined Not Defined Not Defined 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
